The Ultimate Guide to Solar Panel Installation

Choosing the right location for installing solar panels on the roof is essential for maximising sunlight and optimising energy generation. Follow these steps to ensure an ideal setup:

Roof Orientation: Determine the direction your roof faces. South-facing roofs receive more sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere, while north-facing roofs are preferable in the Southern Hemisphere.

Tilt Angle: The tilt angle of solar panels affects the amount of energy they produce. A tilt angle equal to the latitude of your location is a good starting point, however, you may need to make slight adjustments based on your specific location.

Potential Shading: Identify any potential shade sources, such as nearby trees, buildings, or structures. Choose a spot with minimal shading throughout the day.

Solar Path Tools: These tools can help you visualise the sun’s path throughout the year. This can help you choose a location that receives maximum sunlight year-round.

Roof Pitch: The pitch or slope of your roof impacts how much sunlight your panels capture. While a steeper pitch can capture more winter sunlight, a shallower pitch may be more suitable for summer.

Optimal Placement: Install solar panels closer to the ridge of the roof, especially on sloped roofs, to reduce shading from other parts of the structure. Allow for enough spacing between the rows of panels.

Roof Integrity: Ensure that the location you choose can safely support the weight of the solar panels. Consult with a structural engineer if necessary to assess the roof’s load-bearing capacity.

By following these guidelines, you can choose the best location to install solar panels on your roof. This ensures optimal exposure to sunlight, minimising shading and maximising energy generation. Implementing these considerations is a crucial step in the process of how to install solar panels effectively and efficiently.

Learn about government incentives for solar panel installation.

Financing Solar Installation
Here are some options for financing your solar installation.

Cash Purchase
Paying for your solar panels in cash offers the highest long-term savings, as you don’t pay interest. However, this requires a significant upfront investment that may be challenging for some homeowners.

Solar Loans
Solar loans allow homeowners to spread the cost of solar panels over time with fixed or variable interest rates. You will need to make monthly loan payments, but the overall cost may still be lower than traditional energy bills.

Solar Leases
Solar leases require little to no upfront cost, but the leasing company owns and maintains the system. You will need to sign a long-term contract and make monthly lease payments, but these may reduce the savings you can expect from owning the panels yourself.

Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)
A PPA is a financing agreement that usually involves a landlord leasing the space on a property’s roof to a solar energy company that installs solar panels for free. The tenants will have access to all the energy they produce at a reduced, predetermined rate. After an agreed number of years, the landlord will own the panels.

The Energy Company Obligation Scheme (ECO4)
The ECO4 pays homeowners up to £14,000 for the excess electricity you generate and feed back into the grid. To be eligible, you will need to meet certain criteria, such as earning below a certain annual income.

Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)
SEG pays homeowners up to £160 per year for any surplus energy they feed back to the grid. It provides ongoing financial benefits to homeowners with eligible solar panel systems.

Home Upgrade Grant
The Home Upgrade Grant is available to 45 local authorities in England. This provides grants of up to £10,000 to households for green measures including solar panels.

0% VAT Incentive:
Until 2027, homeowners will automatically pay 0% VAT on energy-saving products such as solar panels. This helps to lower the overall cost of solar installation.

Tips for Maximising Incentives
Stay informed about changes in government policies and incentives to significantly reduce the overall cost of solar panels. Work with certified installers to ensure you’re eligible for incentive programs. The combination of financing flexibility and financial support programs makes solar energy more accessible for a wider range of homeowners.

Installation Best Practices
When installing solar panels, select an MCS-certified installer with reliable experience. Certified installers adhere to industry standards, ensuring a safe and efficient installation and they offer workmanship and product guarantees for peace of mind. Choose high-quality solar panels, inverters, and mounting equipment (not all products are made equal) and install solar panels with secure and weather-resistant mounting to stand the test of time.

Do you need an electrician to install solar panels?
In most cases, a certified solar panel installer will handle the entire installation process, including the electrical work. An electrician may do the electrical work and wiring. Choosing professionals with expertise in solar panel installations ensures compliance with electrical codes and safety standards.

DIY installations can save on labour costs as you don’t need to hire professionals. This can be appealing to homeowners with relevant skills. Completing the installation yourself can provide an opportunity to learn and upskill yourself, giving you a sense of accomplishment. However, solar installations require a vast amount of expertise in structural and electrical work. Mistakes may lead to inefficiencies, safety hazards, or damage to the solar panel system which can be costly.

The Advantages of Hiring a Professional
Professional installers have the technical expertise that ensures optimal long-term efficiency and maximum energy production. Professionals are aware of and adhere to local building codes and regulations to ensure the legality and safety of the solar installation. Reputable installers often provide warranties on workmanship and equipment for peace of mind and protection against potential issues. Professional installers work efficiently, completing the project in a shorter timeframe than if you had to learn and do it yourself. This ensures minimal disruption, while ensuring a faster return on your investment.

While DIY solar panels may offer potential savings and personal satisfaction, the complexity of the task, safety risks, and the need for expertise make professional solar installation services beneficial. Hiring professionals ensures a safe, compliant, and efficiently functioning solar panel system, providing homeowners with long-term benefits and peace of mind.

Post-Installation Solar Panel Maintenance Tips
Get tips on maintaining your home solar electric system year-round. Here are some maintenance tasks you should perform regularly to ensure your system continues to operate optimally:

Visual Inspection
After you’ve had your solar panels installed, inspect the solar panels often to check for any signs of damage, dirt, or debris. Identifying any issues early on can prevent long-term damage and its associated costs.

Cleaning
Clean the solar panels at least once a year, especially if dust, pollen, or bird droppings accumulate. Dust and debris can reduce the panels’ efficiency.

Check for Shading
Check your roof throughout the day for any new sources of shading, such as growing trees or new structures.

Electrical Inspection
Inspect your home solar electric systems, including wiring and connections, for any signs of wear or damage.

Monitoring System Performance
Regularly check the system’s performance through monitoring tools or software. Detecting deviations in energy production early on means you can troubleshoot and repair any issues as soon as possible.

Seasonal Maintenance
Seasonal maintenance is essential for ensuring optimal performance of home solar electric systems, especially considering the UK’s varying weather conditions throughout the year. Remove snow from the solar panels in winter and clear away pollen and debris in spring. Trim any overhanging branches in summer and fallen leaves in autumn to capture as much sunlight as possible. Heavy rain can help clean solar panels naturally, but occasional manual cleaning may still be necessary. Inspect the mounting systems after storms or high winds to ensure stability.

Several monitoring systems are available to track the performance and energy production of solar panels installed in your home:

• Online Monitoring Platforms: Many solar systems come with online platforms that provide real-time data on energy production, system efficiency, and historical performance. You can access these platforms via mobile apps.
• Inverter Displays: Inverters often have built-in displays or apps showing real-time and historical energy production. Homeowners can check these displays for real-time insights into their system’s performance.
• Energy Monitoring Devices: Additional energy monitoring devices can be installed to track household energy consumption and compare it to solar production. These devices help optimise energy usage for efficiency.
• Smart Meters: Using a smart meter provides detailed information on energy consumption and generation and help identify areas for improvement.

Troubleshooting Tips for Common Issues

Here are some tips for troubleshooting common concerns:

• Reduced Energy Production: Check for shading issues, dirt or debris on the solar panels. Regular cleaning and monitoring shading can increase energy production.
  Inverter Errors: Monitor inverter displays for error messages. Consult the user manual or contact the installer if any issues arise.
• Electrical Connections: Regularly inspect electrical connections for signs of wear or loose wires. Ensure all connections are secure and consult a professional if needed.
  Online Monitoring Alerts: Pay attention to alerts from online monitoring platforms. These can signal potential issues such as a drop in performance or a malfunctioning component.
• Weather-Related Concerns: Be aware of extreme weather conditions that may impact solar panel performance. Check for damage after severe weather events.
• Inaccurate Readings: If monitoring systems provide inaccurate readings, consider resetting or recalibrating the devices. If the issue persists, contact the installer for assistance.

Maintaining solar panels installed at home is a managable and straightforward process. Once you’ve had your solar panels installed, regular monitoring, cleaning, and addressing issues promptly ensures that your system operates efficiently. With proper attention and care, solar panel systems can reliably generate clean energy for decades.

Graph depicting the long-term cost savings and efficiency benefits of solar panels. Read the latest research on solar energy efficiency.

Maximising Solar Energy Efficiency at Home
Here are some strategies for increasing your energy efficiency, while maximising the benefits of having solar panels at home:

• Energy-Efficient Appliances: Upgrade to Energy Star-rated appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, and HVAC systems. Energy-efficient appliances consume less power, reducing overall energy demand.
• LED Lighting: Replace incandescent bulbs with energy-efficient LED lights throughout the home. LED bulbs use significantly less energy, maximising your solar energy at home.
• Proper Insulation and Sealing: Seal and insulate the walls, roofs, and floors to reduce the need for heating and cooling.
• Smart Thermostats: Install programmable or smart thermostats to regulate heating and cooling systems efficiently.
• Energy-Efficient Windows: Invest in double-pane or low-emissivity windows to reduce the loss of heat. Energy-efficient windows help maintain a stable indoor temperature, reducing the workload on HVAC systems or solar energy at home.
• Solar Water Heating Systems: Integrate solar water heating systems to provide solar power for your home. Solar water heaters use sunlight to heat water, reducing the reliance on conventional energy sources.
• Energy Storage Solutions: Consider energy storage solutions, such as home batteries, to store excess solar energy for later use. Energy storage enhances the reliability and flexibility of solar energy systems, allowing you to use stored energy during periods of low sunlight, such as nighttime.

Read our FAQs addressing common questions and concerns about home solar panels.

Addressing Common Installation Misconceptions
Solar Panels Only Work on South-Facing Roofs.
Solar panels can generate electricity effectively on roofs facing any direction. While a south-facing roof is optimal, east and west-facing roofs can still provide substantial energy production. Installers can optimise the system design to capture sunlight efficiently, making solar panels on your home viable regardless of which direction your roof faces.

Solar Panels Are Not Reliable in Cloudy or Rainy Weather.
Solar panels can generate electricity even on cloudy days. While their efficiency is slightly reduced in overcast conditions, they still produce power. Rain can actually help clean the panels, improving their performance. Solar panels are designed to withstand various weather conditions, making them a reliable source of clean energy over the long term.

Solar Panel Installation Is Too Expensive.
The cost of solar panel installation has significantly decreased in recent years. Additionally, government incentives, rebates, and financing options make solar energy more accessible. Many homeowners find that the long-term savings on energy bills outweigh the initial investment, making solar panels a cost-effective choice over time.

Solar Panels Are Only for Warm Climates.
Solar panels work in a variety of climates, including colder regions. In fact, solar panels often perform better in cooler temperatures. Advances in technology have improved their efficiency, allowing homeowners in diverse climates to benefit from solar panels on their homes.

Solar panels are highly reliable and durable. Modern solar technology has evolved to withstand various weather conditions, including rain, snow, hail, and extreme temperatures. Most solar panel installations come with warranties that guarantee performance for 20 to 25 years, showcasing their longevity and the confidence manufacturers have in their resilience. Homeowners can trust that their investment in solar panels will provide a dependable and consistent source of clean energy for years to come.