Solar panel lifespan in the UK: How long do solar panels last?

Since they were first developed in 1958, solar cells have certainly come a long way. This is when the Vanguard 1 satellite became the first object in orbit powered by solar cells.

This groundbreaking use of solar energy demonstrated the technology’s potential to operate in extreme environments for extended periods of time. Since then, solar technology has evolved dramatically. This has made solar panel lifespan reliable for the long term as an energy solution that both homes and businesses around the world can count on.

Today, solar panels are made to last with lifespans that truly back it up. This longevity, combined with advances in efficiency, makes solar a smart investment for those looking to reduce energy costs and their carbon footprint. But how long do solar panels really last with everyday use, and what factors influence their lifespan?

On this page, you’ll learn:

• How long solar panels typically last in the UK
• The key factors that influence a solar panel’s lifespan
• How degradation affects solar panel efficiency over time
• Tips to maximise the lifespan of your solar panels.
• How to know when it’s time to replace or upgrade your solar panel system

In the UK, you’ll find that the mild climate often works in favour of solar panels. It helps them maintain their solar panel lifespan for a longer period of time.

However, it’s important to understand, like any technology exposed to the elements, solar panels do experience wear and tear over time. This makes understanding how to care for them and recognising what to expect of the utmost importance so you can ensure your solar PV system continues to perform at its best for years to come.

Let’s begin!

How long do solar panels last?

As switching to solar is a long-term investment, it’s important to fully understand solar panel lifespan, especially when considering whether they’re the right choice for your home or not. How long the solar panels last is largely influenced by weather conditions, other environmental factors, and how well they’re maintained. In the UK, solar panel life expectancy is typically between 25 to 30 years with some systems that are well-taken care of potentially lasting even longer than that.

In fact, solar panel lifespan could continue to last for around 30 or more. Additionally, the newer solar panels can last even longer (more on that below). But this doesn’t mean that they’ll stop working after that time. They will generate energy efficiently even if it’s at a reduced rate.

This is because of the solar degradation rate. Solar panels slightly degrade over time, losing only about 0.55 to 1% of their efficiency per year because of the exposure to weather conditions and other environmental factors.

DID YOU KNOW… Even after several decades, solar panels that are well-kept can still produce 80% or more of their original capacity.

What is the average lifespan of each solar panel type?

When it comes to solar panels, their lifespan largely depends on the type of solar panel and the quality of its materials. Each type of solar panel has different strengths, lifespans, and price points, so understanding these differences can help you make a well-informed choice.

1. Monocrystalline solar panels

Monocrystalline solar panels are highly recognisable by their sleek black colour. When choosing solar panels, it’s important to know that this type of panel is made from single-crystal silicon cells. Because they’re made using a slice of a single silicon crystal, they are highly efficient and tend to have the longest panel lifespan amongst all the other types.

On average, monocrystalline panels are expected to last between 25 to 30 years, but some of the latest models can last up to 40 years or longer with proper maintenance. Their durability comes from having fewer weak spots in the cells. That means these solar panels degrade slower over time. Even though these panels tend to cost more upfront, their long-lasting performance and efficiency make them a smart investment in the long run.

2. Polycrystalline solar panels

Polycrystalline solar panels are made from multiple silicon crystals, which is where they get their unique blue colour from. When it comes to their solar panel lifespan, they’re usually not as efficient or as durable as monocrystalline panels. However, they come at a more affordable price.

On average, the solar panel life expectancy for poly panels is around 25 to 30 years. But with good care, some can even hit the 35-year mark. However, since they are made from several crystalline silicon fragments, they tend to have more weak spots. This means that these solar panels degrade a bit faster than monocrystalline panels.

3. Thin-film solar panels

When it comes to solar energy production options, thin film solar panels are the most affordable and flexible solutions out there. They are made from materials like amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and organic photovoltaic cells (OPC). 

As far as their solar panel lifespan goes, they don’t last as long, usually between 10 to 20 years. This is because, in most cases, the materials aren’t as durable. Although they don’t generate energy as efficiently as other solar panels, their flexibility and low cost make them perfect for certain situations where a lightweight and flexible solar PV system installation is needed.

Solar panel degradation

What is solar panel degradation rate?

Over time, solar panels slowly become less efficient at producing electricity compared to when they were brand new. This gradual drop in performance is known as the degradation rate. It shows just how much solar panel power output is lost each year.

For example, if solar panels naturally degrade at 0.5% each year, they will run 99.5% of their original efficiency after one year. That said, the solar panels would still generate energy efficiently at 95% after 10 years. On average, solar panels slowly degrade at a rate between 0.5% and 1% per year.

Additionally as we touched on earlier, the newer monocrystalline panels tend to degrade more slowly than older models, with some even boasting degradation rates as low as 0.3% annually. In comparison, thin-film panels tend to degrade faster, with some panels losing efficiency at a rate of 1% to 2% per year.

Suggested Diagram: vectors showcasing UV Radiation, Temperature Changes, Moisture & Humidity, and Physical Impact as mentioned below.

Main causes of solar panel degradation

• UV radiation: Sun exposure slowly wears down the materials in the solar panel. This means they become less efficient overtime.
• Temperature changes: High temperatures and sudden drops in temperature can cause the solar panel’s materials to expand and contract. This weakens the structure of the solar panels. Think of things like frame corrosion for instance.
• Moisture and humidity: Over the years, water can seep in and cause internal damage to the solar panels. This is especially the case in areas with a lot of rain or high humidity.
• Physical impact: Extreme weather conditions like hail, heavy snow or even falling debris can cause small damages that add up over time. This, and other environmental factors can disrupt the solar panel performance.

Even though solar panels degrade, most solar panels last and still produce 80-90% of their original power after 25-30 years. This makes installing solar panels an excellent long-term investment. However, knowing all you can about solar degradation will help you figure out your long-term usable energy savings so that you get the most out of your solar PV system throughout its life.

How does solar panel degradation work?

Solar panels naturally degrade over time due to a combination of factors that affect the materials and the performance of the solar panels. Different things cause this gradual decline in how well the panels turn sunlight into electricity. Let’s take a look below so you’ll be able to set some realistic expectations and get the most out of your solar panels and investment:

A more in-depth look at key factors contributing to solar panel degradation

• Age-related degradation: As panels get older, their materials naturally wear out over time. This is one of the main reasons solar panels begin losing their efficiency.
• Light induced degradation (LID): When solar panels are first exposed to sunlight, they experience a slight drop in efficiency due to UV exposure. This one-time process usually reduces efficiency by about 1-3% in the first year.
• Potential induced degradation (PID): This happens when voltage differences between the solar cells and the grounded frame cause small current leaks. Potential induced degradation impacts the solar panel performance. It usually occurs in conditions like high humidity or high temperatures and can cause a noticeable drop in efficiency.
• Thermal cycling: As temperatures rise and fall throughout the day, solar panels expand and contract. This constant movement, called thermal cycling, can weaken the soldered connections inside the panels, gradually reducing their efficiency.
• Damp heat: High humidity levels can slowly damage the materials inside the panels. This is called damp heat and leads to performance issues that restrict the panels ability to produce energy.
• Humidity freeze: When moisture gets inside the panels and temperatures drop, the water can freeze and expand. It creates microcracks or stresses the solar panel materials.
• UV exposure: Long-term exposure to the sun’s UV rays can slowly break down the materials in solar panels. This can affect how the solar panels operate and reduce their ability to produce electricity overtime.

Degradation rate of solar panels

As mentioned, and by definition alone, the solar panel rate of degradation is the yearly decline in a solar panel’s ability to produce electricity. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), most panels lose about 0.5% to 0.8% of their efficiency each year.

As mentioned with the newer models though, we should see a better solar life expectancy. This is because these solar panels degrade at a slower rate, at around 0.3% per year, all thanks to better technology. This means that after the first year, most solar panels usually still work at about 99.5% efficiency with a slow drop over time. By year 25, most monocrystalline panels are still producing 80-90% of their original power, and higher-quality ones might even perform better.

Factors affecting your solar panel lifespan & tips on how to maximise their life.

Solar panels are built to last. However, there are a few things that can affect how long the panels typically last and generate energy efficiently. It’s important to understand just what influences your solar PV system’s lifespan. This way, you can take the steps to protect it while getting the most out of it.

Let’s take a look below at the main factors that impact panel lifespan and share some expert tips on how to make them last even longer:

Solar panels quality

The quality of your solar panels directly affects how long they last and how well they perform. Panels from Tier One manufacturers are made to stricter standards, this helps them hold on to their solar energy production over time.

• Lifespan impact: Tier One panels usually degrade at just 0.30% per year. These panels maintain a higher power output for longer, while Tier Two and Tier Three panels solar panel degradation work faster, between 0.50% to 0.80% per year.

Tip: When shopping for solar panels, look for manufacturers that offer 25-year or longer production warranties. This shows they stand by the durability of their product.

Climate and environmental factors

Your local climate has a big impact on how quickly your solar panels wear down. Panels in extreme weather conditions usually degrade faster.

• Hot climates: Excessive heat can speed up the breakdown of solar materials. This causes a drop in them adequately providing energy over time.
• Cold climates: Frost, humidity, and strong winds can also do damage, with high winds possibly causing physical harm to the panels.

Tip: While you can’t change the weather, you can choose panels built for your local climate. Look for ones proven to handle severe weather conditions to ensure they will perform well for the long haul.

Solar panel installation

The quality of your solar panel installation is a major factor in how long they last. If the installation isn’t done right, your panels could degrade faster or even fail early.

• Lifespan impact: Poor installation can lead to problems like faulty wiring or weak mounting. This can put stress on your solar panels or reduce their efficiency, cutting the panel lifespan short.

Tip: Always go with an experienced, accredited solar panel installer, like the ones Soly partners with. This ensures your panels are properly secured and wired, helping them last longer.

It’s always a good idea to ensure your solar panel installer is accredited by HIES, TrustMark, and MCS, ensuring you receive only high-quality solar panels. All Soly Energy installers across the UK meet these standards.

Solar panel maintenance

Proper maintenance is key to getting the most out of your solar panels. Clean panels absorb sunlight more efficiently. Additionally, regular upkeep here and there can keep those minor issues from turning into even bigger, more expensive problems down the line.

• Regular Cleaning: Dust, bird droppings, and debris can block sunlight, lowering efficiency. If you live in a place with little rainfall, it’s important to clean your solar panels once or twice a year.
• Monitoring: Keeping track of your energy production with a monitoring system helps spot issues early before they become major. With Soly, you can always monitor your system easily via the app. If there are any issues, Soly will always come back to fix them.

Tip: Right from the start, take care of your solar panels properly. Be sure to use a good installer like the ones through Soly, check their output, and keep them clean. Monitoring energy production can help identify potential issues before they become major problems.

Keep on reading: Solar panel maintenance: How often to clean?

When to replace solar panels

The most common sign that it’s time to replace your solar panels is a noticeable drop in energy production. If your panels aren’t generating enough electricity to meet your household needs, it could mean their efficiency has significantly decreased. You can keep track of this using monitoring apps or a physical tracker to check energy output.

Other signs your panels may need replacing include:

• Age: Most panels last 25-30 years, and after that, their efficiency usually drops below 80%.
• Cracks or physical damage: If you see cracks, warping, or other damage, it’s a good idea to get your panels inspected, as they might not be working properly.
• Warranty expiration: When your warranty runs out, it’s worth thinking about replacement. This is especially the case if the solar panels are showing signs of wear or reduced performance.

By keeping an eye on your panels’ output, you can spot any decline in performance and know when it’s time to think about replacing them.

Can solar panels be recycled?

Yes, solar panels can be recycled. In fact, recycling methods are very important for reducing waste and supporting sustainability. Solar panels contain valuable materials like crystalline silicon, aluminium, and silver, that can be recovered and reused. By way of better recycling methods, we can help lower the environmental impact of disposing of old panels and promote a more circular economy in the solar industry.

The recycling process involves separating the glass, metal, and semiconductor materials, which can then be repurposed. As solar panels become more common, the demand for recycling is growing, with specialised facilities available to handle the process. This ensures that solar energy stays eco-friendly from production all the way through to disposal.

FAQ

How long do solar panels actually last?

The solar panel lifespan is typically between 25 to 30 years. Even after that though, they don’t just stop working! They still produce power but at reduced efficiency. In fact, most panels will keep generating electricity for many years, just at lower levels.

How efficient will solar panels be in 10 years?

On average, solar panels lose about 0.5% of their efficiency per year. After 10 years, they should still be running at around 90-95% of their original capacity, depending on the quality of the panels and how well they’re maintained.

What happens after 25 years of solar panels?

After 25 years, most panels will still work but at a reduced efficiency, usually producing about 80-85% of their original output. Some homeowners choose to replace them at this point, but they can still generate electricity for several more years.

How often should I replace solar panels?

You generally don’t need to replace solar panels until they are no longer producing sufficient electricity to meet your needs. This typically happens after 25 to 30 years, but it could be sooner if the panels are physically damaged.

How often do solar panels need to be cleaned?

Generally, solar panels are low-maintenance. Cleaning is optional in the most cases. If you’re in an area with a lot of dust, pollen, or bird droppings, solar panel cleaning might be needed at least once a year to keep them running efficiently.

Final thoughts: Is the lifespan of solar panels worth the investment?

Indubitably, investing in solar panels is a long-term decision and that means knowing how long solar panels typically last is a big factor in their overall value. With a quality installation from an accredited installer and the help of solar experts from Soly, you can ensure that your panels last as long as possible. Given the potential savings on energy bills and the positive environmental impact, solar panels are a good investment for most UK homeowners.

Keep on reading: Pros and cons of solar panels

Why choose Soly for your solar panel needs?

At Soly, we’re proud to make solar energy accessible to all while ensuring your solar panel lifespan is as long as possible and that they perform at their best. Here’s why we’re the best choice for your solar energy journey:

• We understand that upfront costs can be a barrier to going solar. That’s why we offer convenient financing options, including a £500 deposit plan, where the remaining balance is due only after your system is installed and operational. This makes solar energy more affordable for UK residents.
• Soly has partnered with Ideal4Finance to offer competitive financing rates, tailored to your needs. Applying takes less than 5 minutes, and you can get an instant, personalised finance offer online or over the phone. With a 4.6/5 star rating on TrustPilot, Ideal 4 Finance ensures excellent customer service and hassle-free financing.
• Soly offers the best referral scheme in the solar market. As a Soly customer, you can earn £300 for each friend you refer who installs a system with Soly—with no limits! This can significantly help reduce your payback period. For example, one of our customers, Martyn, managed to reduce his payback period by nearly a year by referring just three friends.
• We use only the best solar panels, offering monocrystalline solar panels from Jinko Solar. Known for their efficiency and durability, these monocrystalline solar panels can last for up to 40 years, ensuring you get the most out of your investment.
• Soly is proud to be highly rated on platforms like TrustPilot and Google and recognized as a certified Which? Trusted Trader. We’ve built a reputation for excellence, earning the trust of countless satisfied customers, with our commitment to quality evident in every installation.
• We work exclusively with local installers nationwide who are accredited by HIES, TrustMark, and MCS, ensuring that your solar system is installed with the highest industry standards in mind. Proper installation plays a huge role in maximising the lifespan of your solar panels.
• With over 10 years of experience in the solar industry, we know how to deliver the best solar solutions tailored to your needs. Our team of experts will ensure your system is designed to last.
• We provide up to 25-year guarantees for our solar panels and 15-year guarantees for our solar batteries. This means you can have peace of mind knowing your investment is protected for decades to come.

At Soly, we ensure your solar panel system delivers long-lasting benefits. Reach out to our solar experts today to discover how we can help you make the switch to clean, renewable energy with the best products and financing options.